Source code for pytket.extensions.quantinuum.backends.leakage_gadget
# Copyright 2020-2024 Quantinuum
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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"""Methods for generating a leakage detection Pytket Circuit."""
from typing import List, Dict, Tuple, Counter, cast, Sequence
from pytket import Circuit, Qubit, Bit, OpType # type: ignore
from pytket.backends.backendresult import BackendResult
from pytket.utils.outcomearray import OutcomeArray
LEAKAGE_DETECTION_BIT_NAME_ = "leakage_detection_bit"
LEAKAGE_DETECTION_QUBIT_NAME_ = "leakage_detection_qubit"
[docs]def get_leakage_gadget_circuit(
circuit_qubit: Qubit, postselection_qubit: Qubit, postselection_bit: Bit
) -> Circuit:
"""
Returns a two qubit Circuit for detecting leakage errors.
:param circuit_qubit: Generated circuit detects whether leakage errors
have occurred in this qubit.
:param postselection_qubit: Measured qubit to detect leakage error.
:param postselection_bit: Leakage detection result is written to this bit.
:return: Circuit for detecting leakage errors for specified ids.
"""
c = Circuit()
c.add_qubit(circuit_qubit)
c.add_qubit(postselection_qubit)
c.add_bit(postselection_bit)
c.X(postselection_qubit)
c.add_barrier([circuit_qubit, postselection_qubit])
c.H(postselection_qubit).ZZMax(postselection_qubit, circuit_qubit)
c.add_barrier([circuit_qubit, postselection_qubit])
c.ZZMax(postselection_qubit, circuit_qubit).H(postselection_qubit).Z(circuit_qubit)
c.add_barrier([circuit_qubit, postselection_qubit])
c.Measure(postselection_qubit, postselection_bit)
c.add_gate(OpType.Reset, [postselection_qubit])
return c
[docs]def get_detection_circuit(circuit: Circuit, n_device_qubits: int) -> Circuit:
"""
For a passed circuit, appends a leakage detection circuit for
each end of circuit measurement using spare device qubits.
All additional Qubit added for leakage detection are
written to a new register "leakage_detection_qubit" and all
additional Bit are written to a new register "leakage_detection_bit".
:param circuit: Circuit to have leakage detection added.
:param n_device_qubits: Total number of qubits supported by the device
being compiled to.
:return: Circuit with leakage detection circuitry added.
"""
n_qubits: int = circuit.n_qubits
if n_qubits == 0:
raise ValueError(
"Circuit for Leakage Gadget Postselection must have at least one Qubit."
)
n_spare_qubits: int = n_device_qubits - n_qubits
if n_spare_qubits <= 0:
raise ValueError("Device has no spare qubits for adding leakage detection.")
# construct detection circuit
detection_circuit: Circuit = Circuit()
postselection_qubits: List[Qubit] = [
Qubit(LEAKAGE_DETECTION_QUBIT_NAME_, i) for i in range(n_spare_qubits)
]
for q in circuit.qubits + postselection_qubits:
detection_circuit.add_qubit(q)
for b in circuit.bits:
detection_circuit.add_bit(b)
# construct a Circuit that is the original Circuit without
# end of Circuit Measure gates
end_circuit_measures: Dict[Qubit, Bit] = {}
for com in circuit:
if com.op.type == OpType.Barrier:
detection_circuit.add_barrier(com.args)
continue
# first check if a mid circuit measure needs to be readded
for q in com.qubits:
# this condition only true if this Qubit has previously had a
# "mid-circuit" measure operation
if q in end_circuit_measures:
detection_circuit.Measure(q, end_circuit_measures.pop(q))
if com.op.type == OpType.Measure:
# if this is "mid-circuit" then this will be rewritten later
end_circuit_measures[com.qubits[0]] = com.bits[0]
elif com.op.params:
detection_circuit.add_gate(com.op.type, com.op.params, com.args)
else:
detection_circuit.add_gate(com.op.type, com.args)
# for each entry in end_circuit_measures, we want to add a leakage_gadget_circuit
# we try to use each free architecture qubit as few times as possible
ps_q_index: int = 0
ps_b_index: int = 0
for q in end_circuit_measures:
if q.reg_name == LEAKAGE_DETECTION_QUBIT_NAME_:
raise ValueError(
"Leakage Gadget scheme makes a qubit register named "
"'leakage_detection_qubit' but this already exists in"
" the passed circuit."
)
ps_q_index = 0 if ps_q_index == n_spare_qubits else ps_q_index
leakage_detection_bit: Bit = Bit(LEAKAGE_DETECTION_BIT_NAME_, ps_b_index)
if leakage_detection_bit in circuit.bits:
raise ValueError(
"Leakage Gadget scheme makes a new Bit named 'leakage_detection_bit'"
" but this already exists in the passed circuit."
)
leakage_gadget_circuit: Circuit = get_leakage_gadget_circuit(
q, postselection_qubits[ps_q_index], leakage_detection_bit
)
detection_circuit.append(leakage_gadget_circuit)
# increment value for adding postselection to
ps_q_index += 1
ps_b_index += 1
# finally measure the original qubits
for q, b in end_circuit_measures.items():
detection_circuit.Measure(q, b)
detection_circuit.remove_blank_wires()
return detection_circuit
[docs]def prune_shots_detected_as_leaky(result: BackendResult) -> BackendResult:
"""
For all states with a Bit with name "leakage_detection_bit"
in a state 1 sets the counts to 0.
:param result: Shots returned from device.
:type result: BackendResult
:return: Shots with leakage cases removed.
:rtype: BackendResult
"""
regular_bits: List[Bit] = [
b for b in result.c_bits if b.reg_name != LEAKAGE_DETECTION_BIT_NAME_
]
leakage_bits: List[Bit] = [
b for b in result.c_bits if b.reg_name == LEAKAGE_DETECTION_BIT_NAME_
]
received_counts: Counter[Tuple[int, ...]] = result.get_counts(
cbits=regular_bits + leakage_bits
)
discarded_counts: Counter[Tuple[int, ...]] = Counter(
{
tuple(state[: len(regular_bits)]): received_counts[state]
for state in received_counts
if not any(state[-len(leakage_bits) :])
}
)
return BackendResult(
counts=Counter(
{
OutcomeArray.from_readouts([key]): val
for key, val in discarded_counts.items()
}
),
c_bits=cast(Sequence[Bit], regular_bits),
)
